· Doctor of Philosophy (Chinese Society Studies), University of Lapland2016–
· Licentiate of Philosophy (East Asian Studies), University of Helsinki2009–
· Diplomat, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland1995–2013
· Master of Social Sciences (International Politics, Political History and East Asian Studies), University of Helsinki1992–
· Senior Research Fellow, Finnish Institute of International Affairs
· Docent in International Relations and Chinese Studies, University of Lapland